Haufinyane tjena, ke ile ka ja lijo tsa mantsiboea le seithuti-'moho le 'na sa khale se sebetsang setsing sa lipatlisiso tsa thepa ea lifofane. Re ile ra bua ka merero ea bona ea morao-rao, 'me ka mohlolo a re ho 'na, "Na ua tseba hore na ke thepa efe e ncha eo re e thahasellang haholo hona joale? U kanna oa se ke ua kholoa - ke phofo eo e shebahalang joaloka lehlabathe le letala le letle." Ha a bona ponahalo ea ka e makatsang, a bososela 'me a eketsa, "Phofo e nyane ea silicon carbide e tala, na u kile ua utloa ka hona? Ntho ena e kanna ea ba e tla baka phetoho e nyane lefapheng la lifofane.” Ha e le hantle, qalong ke ne ke belaela: thepa eo e khopameng e sebelisoang haholo ho sileng mabili le ho seha li-disc e ka amana joang le indasteri e rarahaneng ea lifofane? Empa joalo ka ha a hlalositse ho ea pele, ke ile ka hlokomela hore ho na le ho hongata ho eona ho feta kamoo ke neng ke nahanne kateng. Kajeno, ha re bueng ka taba ena.
I. Ho Tseba "Boitsebiso bona bo Tšepisang"
Carbide e tala ea silicon ha e le hantle ke mofuta oa silicon carbide (SiC). Ha e bapisoa le silicon carbide e ntšo e tloaelehileng, e na le bohloeki bo phahameng le litšila tse fokolang, ka hona e na le 'mala o ikhethang o motala o bobebe. Ha e le hore na ke hobane'ng ha e le "phofo e nyane," e bolela boholo ba eona bo bonyenyane haholo, hangata bo pakeng tsa li-micrometer tse 'maloa le li-micrometer tse mashome - hoo e ka bang karolo ea leshome ho isa halofo ea bophara ba moriri oa motho. "U se ke ua lumella tšebeliso ea eona ea hona joale indastering ea ho khohlela hore e u thetse," ho boletse seithuti-'moho le 'na, "ha e le hantle e na le thepa e ntle haholo: ho thatafala ho phahameng, ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng, botsitso ba lik'hemik'hale, le coefficient e tlase ea katoloso ea mocheso. Litšobotsi tsena li etselitsoe tšimo ea lifofane."
Hamorao, ke ile ka etsa lipatlisiso 'me ka fumana hore sena ehlile ke 'nete. Bothata ba carbide ea silicon e tala bo latela daemane le nitride ea cubic boron feela; moeeng, e ka mamella mocheso o phahameng oa hoo e ka bang 1600°C ntle le ho oxidiza; 'me coefficient ea eona ea katoloso ea mocheso ke kotara ho isa ho karolo ea boraro feela ea litšepe tse tloaelehileng. Linomoro tsena li ka bonahala li omme hanyane, empa tšimong ea lifofane, moo litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea thepa li leng thata haholo, paramethara e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e ka tlisa boleng bo boholo.
II. Phokotso ea Boima: Ho Lelekisa ka ho sa Feleng Sefofane sa Sepakapaka
"Bakeng sa lifofane, ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele kamehla ke senotlolo," esefofanemoenjiniere o ile a mpolella. “Khilograma e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea boima e bolokiloeng e ka boloka mafura a mangata kapa ea eketsa mojaro o boima.” Lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tsa setso li se li fihlile meeling ea tsona mabapi le phokotso ea boima, kahoo tlhokomelo ea bohle e se e retelehetse linthong tsa ceramic ka tlhaho. Lisebelisoa tse tala tsa silicon carbide tse matlafalitsoeng ke tse ling tsa likhetho tse tšepisang ka ho fetisisa. Lisebelisoa tsena hangata li na le boima ba ligrama tse 3.0-3.2 feela ka cmibimithara ea cubic, e leng bobebe haholo ho feta tšepe (ligrama tse 7.8 ka cmibimithara ea cubic) 'me hape e fana ka monyetla o hlakileng ho feta li-alloy tsa titanium (ligrama tse 4.5 ka cmibimithara ea cubic). Habohlokoa le ho feta, e boloka matla a lekaneng ha e ntse e fokotsa boima.
“Re ntse re etsa lipatlisiso ka tšebeliso ea metsoako e tala ea silicon carbide bakeng sa likheo tsa enjene,” ho senotse moqapi oa enjene ea lifofane. “Haeba re ne re sebelisa thepa ea setso, karolo ena e ne e tla ba boima ba lik'hilograma tse 200, empa ka thepa e ncha e kopantsoeng, e ka fokotsoa ho ba lik'hilograma tse ka bang 130. Bakeng sa enjene eohle, phokotso ena ea lik'hilograma tse 70 e bohlokoa.” Ho molemo le ho feta, phello ea phokotso ea boima ke ho theoha. Likarolo tse bobebe tsa sebopeho li lumella phokotso e tsamaellanang ea boima mehahong e tšehetsang, joalo ka phello ea domino. Lithuto li bontšitse hore sefofa-sebakeng, phokotso ea boima ba likarolo tsa sebopeho ea kilogram e le 'ngoe qetellong e ka lebisa phokotsong ea boima ba likarolo tsa sebopeho ba lik'hilograma tse 5-10 boemong ba sistimi.
III. Khanyetso ea Mocheso o Phahameng: "Setsibi" ka Lienjeneng
Mocheso o sebetsang oa lienjene tsa aero o ntse o eketseha khafetsa; lienjene tse tsoetseng pele tsa turbofan joale li na le mocheso oa ho kena ha turbine o fetang 1700°C. Mochesong ona, esita le li-alloy tse ngata tsa mocheso o phahameng li qala ho hloleha. "Likarolo tse chesang tsa enjene hajoale li sutumelletsa meeli ea ts'ebetso ea thepa," ho boletse seithuti-'moho le 'na ho tsoa setsing sa lipatlisiso. "Re hloka thepa e ka sebetsang ka botsitso le mochesong o phahameng le ho feta." Li-composites tse tala tsa silicon carbide li ka bapala karolo ea bohlokoa sebakeng sena. Carbide e hloekileng ea silicon e ka mamella mocheso o fetang 2500°C tikolohong e sa sebetseng, leha moeeng, oxidation e fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea eona ho hoo e ka bang 1600°C. Leha ho le joalo, sena se ntse se le holimo ho 300-400°C ho feta li-alloy tse ngata tsa mocheso o phahameng.
Habohlokoa le ho feta, e boloka matla a phahameng maemong a mocheso o phahameng. “Thepa ea tšepe e 'nolofala' maemong a mocheso o phahameng, e bontša ho putlama ho hoholo,” ho hlalositse moenjiniere oa liteko tsa thepa. “Empa metsoako ea silicon carbide e ka boloka matla a eona a mocheso oa kamore a fetang 70% ho 1200°C, e leng ntho e thata haholo hore thepa ea tšepe e e finyelle.” Hona joale, litsi tse ling tsa lipatlisiso li leka ho sebelisakhabide e tala ea siliconmetsoako ho hlahisa dikarolo tse sa potoloheng tse kang di-vane tsa tataiso ya nozzle le di-liner tsa kamore ya mollo. Haeba ditshebediso tsena di kenngwa tshebetsong ka katleho, ho lebelletswe hore matla le bokgoni ba dienjene di ntlafale le ho feta. IV. Taolo ya Thermal: Ho Etsa Hore Mocheso o “Mamele”
Dikoloi tsa difofane di tobane le maemo a feteletseng a mocheso sebakeng: lehlakore le shebaneng le letsatsi le ka feta 100°C, ha lehlakore le nang le moriti le ka theohela tlase ho -100°C. Phapang ena e kgolo ya mocheso e baka phephetso e kgolo ho thepa le disebediswa. Carbide e tala ya silicon e na le tšobotsi e lakatsehang haholo—mocheso o motle wa ho tsamaisa mocheso. Mocheso wa yona o feta makgetlo a 1.5-3 a tshepe e tlwaelehileng le makgetlo a fetang 10 a thepa e tlwaelehileng ya ceramic. Sena se bolela hore e ka fetisetsa mocheso kapele ho tloha dibakeng tse chesang ho ya dibakeng tse batang, e leng se fokotsang ho chesa haholo sebakeng seo. “Re nahana ho sebedisa di-composites tse tala tsa silicon carbide ditsamaisong tsa taolo ya mocheso tsa disathelaete,” ho boletse moqapi wa difofane, “mohlala, jwalo ka sekwahelo sa diphaephe tsa mocheso kapa jwalo ka di-substrate tse tsamaisang mocheso, ho etsa hore mocheso wa sistimi yohle o tshwane haholoanyane.”
Ho phaella moo, coefficient ea eona ea katoloso ea mocheso e nyane haholo, e ka ba 4×10⁻⁶/℃ feela, e leng hoo e ka bang karolo ea bohlano ea motsoako oa aluminium. Boholo ba eona bo lula bo sa fetohe ka liphetoho tsa mocheso, e leng tšobotsi e bohlokoa haholo litsamaisong tsa optical tsa sefofane le litsamaisong tsa antenna tse hlokang ho lokisoa ka nepo. "Ak'u nahane," moqapi o fane ka mohlala, "antenna e kholo e sebetsang potolohong, e nang le phapang ea mocheso oa likhato tse makholo tsa Celsius pakeng tsa mahlakore a shebaneng le letsatsi le a moriti. Haeba ho sebelisoa thepa ea setso, katoloso le ho honyela ha mocheso ho ka baka phetoho ea sebopeho, e amang ho nepahala ha lintlha. Haeba ho sebelisoa thepa e kopaneng ea silicon carbide e tala e atolositsoeng hanyane, bothata bona bo ka fokotsoa haholo."
V. Ho Sireletsa le ho Boloka Tšireletso: Ho feta feela ho "Ikokobetsa"
Dikoloi tsa sejoale-joale tsa lifofane li na le litlhoko tse phahameng haholo ts'ebetsong ea ho patoa. Ho patoa ha radar ho finyelloa haholo-holo ka moralo oa sebopeho le thepa e monyang radar, 'me carbide e tala ea silicon le eona e na le bokhoni bo ka laoloang sebakeng sena. "Carbide e hloekileng ea silicon ke semiconductor, 'me thepa ea eona ea motlakase e ka fetoloa ka ho sebelisa doping," ho hlalositse setsebi sa thepa e sebetsang. "Re ka rala thepa ea silicon carbide e kopantsoeng e nang le resistivity e itseng ho monya maqhubu a radar ka har'a sebaka se itseng sa maqhubu." Le hoja karolo ena e ntse e le mohatong oa lipatlisiso, lilaboratori tse ling li se li hlahisitse lisampole tsa thepa ea composite e thehiloeng ho silicon carbide ka ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho monya radar ho X-band (8-12 GHz).
Mabapi le tšireletso ea sebaka, molemo oa ho thatafala hakhabide e tala ea siliconho boetse ho totobetse. Ho na le palo e kholo ea li-micrometeoroid le lithōle tsa sebaka sebakeng. Le hoja boima ba e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe bo le bonyenyane haholo, lebelo la tsona le phahame haholo (ho fihlela lik'hilomithara tse mashome ka motsotsoana), e leng se fellang ka matla a tšusumetso e phahameng haholo. "Liteko tsa rona li bontša hore thepa e tala ea silicon carbide e na le khanyetso ea makhetlo a 3-5 khahlanong le tšusumetso ea likaroloana tse lebelo le phahameng ha e bapisoa le li-alloy tsa aluminium tse botenya bo tšoanang," ho boletse mofuputsi oa tšireletso ea sebaka. "Haeba e sebelisoa mealong e sireletsang ea liteishene tsa sebaka kapa li-probe tse tebileng tsa sebaka nakong e tlang, e ka ntlafatsa polokeho haholo."
Histori ea nts'etsopele ea lifofane, ka tsela e itseng, ke nalane ea tsoelo-pele ea lintho tse bonahalang. Ho tloha lehong le kanvase ho ea ho li-alloy tsa aluminium, ebe ho ea ho li-alloy tsa titanium le lintho tse kopantsoeng, boqapi bo bong le bo bong ba lintho tse bonahalang bo ntšitse keketseho ts'ebetsong ea lifofane. Mohlomong phofo e tala ea silicon carbide le lintho tse kopantsoeng tsa eona e tla ba e 'ngoe ea matla a bohlokoa a ho khanna bakeng sa mohato o latelang o eang pele. Bo-rasaense bao ba lintho tse bonahalang ba etsa lipatlisiso ka hloko lilaboratoring le ho loanela bokhabane lifekthering ba ka 'na ba fetola bokamoso ba leholimo ka khutso. 'Me silicon carbide e tala, thepa ena e bonahalang e tloaelehile, e ka 'na ea e-ba "phofo ea boselamose" matsohong a bona, e thusang batho ho fofa holimo, hole le ho feta, le ho sireletseha.