Ho senola thepa e ikhethang le menyetla ea ts'ebeliso ea phofo e tala ea silicon carbide
Lefapheng la thepa ea theknoloji e phahameng ea kajeno, phofo e nyenyane ea silicon carbide e tala e ntse e fetoha ntho e tsepamisitsoeng tlhokomelong sechabeng sa mahlale a thepa ka thepa ea eona e ikhethang ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale. Motsoako ona o entsoeng ka likarolo tsa carbon le silicon o bontšitse menyetla e pharaletseng ea ts'ebeliso masimong a mangata a indasteri ka lebaka la sebopeho sa eona se ikhethang sa kristale le ts'ebetso e ntle haholo. Sengoloa sena se tla hlahloba ka botebo thepa e ikhethang ea phofo e nyenyane ea silicon carbide e tala le bokhoni ba eona ba ts'ebeliso masimong a fapaneng.
1. Litšobotsi tsa motheo tsa phofo e tala ea silicon carbide
Carbide e tala ea silicon (SiC) ke thepa e thata ea maiketsetso 'me ke ea motsoako oa covalent bond. Sebopeho sa eona sa kristale se hlahisa sistimi e nang le mahlakore a tšeletseng e nang le tokisetso e kang ea daemane. Phofo e nyane ea silicon carbide e tala hangata e bolela lihlahisoa tse nang le phofo tse nang le mefuta e fapaneng ea boholo ba likaroloana tsa micron tse 0.1-100, 'me' mala oa eona o hlahisa mefuta e fapaneng ea mebala ho tloha botala bo bobebe ho isa botala bo lefifi ka lebaka la bohloeki bo fapaneng le litaba tse litšila.
Ho tloha sebopehong sa microscope, athomo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea silicon ka har'a kristale ea silicon carbide e tala e etsa khokahano ea tetrahedral e nang le liathomo tse 'ne tsa carbon. Sebopeho sena se matla sa covalent bond se fa thepa bothata bo phahameng haholo le botsitso ba lik'hemik'hale. Hoa bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore bothata ba Mohs ba silicon carbide e tala bo fihla ho 9.2-9.3, bo latela daemane le nitride ea cubic boron, e leng se etsang hore e se ke ea nkeloa sebaka tšimong ea li-abrasives.
2. Thepa e ikhethang ea phofo e tala ea silicon carbide
1. Thepa e ntle ea mechini
Tšobotsi e hlahelletseng ka ho fetisisa ea phofo e tala ea silicon carbide ke bothata ba eona bo phahameng haholo. Bothata ba eona ba Vickers bo ka fihla ho 2800-3300kg/mm², e leng se etsang hore e sebetse hantle ha e sebetsana le thepa e thata. Ka nako e ts'oanang, carbide e tala ea silicon e boetse e na le matla a matle a ho hatella 'me e ntse e ka boloka matla a phahameng a mechini mochesong o phahameng. Tšobotsi ena e etsa hore ho khonehe ho e sebelisa libakeng tse feteletseng.
2. Thepa e ntle haholo ea mocheso
Ho tsamaisa mocheso ha carbide e tala ea silicon ho fihla ho 120-200W/(m·K), e leng makhetlo a 3-5 ho feta tšepe e tloaelehileng. Ho tsamaisa mocheso hona ho babatsehang ho etsa hore e be thepa e loketseng ea ho qhala mocheso. Se makatsang le ho feta ke hore coefficient ea katoloso ea mocheso ea carbide e tala ea silicon ke 4.0×10⁻⁶/℃ feela, ho bolelang hore e na le botsitso bo botle ba litekanyo ha mocheso o fetoha, 'me e ke ke ea hlahisa phetoho e totobetseng ka lebaka la katoloso le ho honyela ha mocheso.
3. Botsitso bo ikhethang ba lik'hemik'hale
Ha ho tluoa tabeng ea thepa ea lik'hemik'hale, carbide e tala ea silicon e bontša ho se sebetse hantle haholo. E ka hanela ho bola ha li-acid tse ngata, li-alkali le litharollo tsa letsoai, 'me e ka lula e tsitsitse esita le mochesong o phahameng. Liteko li bontša hore carbide e tala ea silicon e ntse e ka boloka botsitso bo botle tikolohong e nang le oxidizing ka tlase ho 1000℃, e leng se etsang hore e be le monyetla oa ho sebelisoa nako e telele libakeng tse senyang.
4. Thepa e khethehileng ea motlakase
Carbide e tala ea silicon ke thepa ea semiconductor e pharaletseng ea lekhalo la bandgap e nang le bophara ba lekhalo la bandgap la 3.0eV, e leng kholo haholo ho feta 1.1eV ea silicon. Tšobotsi ena e e nolofalletsa ho mamella li-voltage le mocheso o phahameng, 'me e na le melemo e ikhethang lefapheng la lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tse matla. Ho phaella moo, carbide e tala ea silicon e boetse e na le motsamao o phahameng oa lielektrone, e leng se etsang hore ho khonehe ho nts'etsapele lisebelisoa tse nang le maqhubu a phahameng.
3. Ts'ebetso ea ho lokisa phofo e tala ea silicon carbide
Ho lokisoa ha phofo e nyenyane ea silicon carbide e tala haholo-holo ho latela mokhoa oa Acheson. Mokhoa ona o kopanya lehlabathe la quartz le coke ea petroleum ka tekanyo e itseng 'me o li futhumatsa ho 2000-2500℃ ka sebōping sa khanyetso bakeng sa karabelo. Carbide e tala ea silicon e teteaneng e hlahisoang ke karabelo e feta lits'ebetsong tse kang ho sila, ho hlophisa le ho pickling ho qetella ho fumane lihlahisoa tsa phofo e nyenyane ea boholo bo fapaneng ba likaroloana.
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ka tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji, ho hlahile mekhoa e meng e mecha ea ho lokisa. Ho kenngoa ha mouoane oa lik'hemik'hale (CVD) ho ka lokisa phofo ea silicon carbide e tala e hloekileng haholo; mokhoa oa sol-gel o ka laola ka nepo boholo ba likaroloana le sebopeho sa phofo; mokhoa oa plasma o ka fihlella tlhahiso e tsoelang pele le ho ntlafatsa katleho ea tlhahiso. Mekhoa ena e mecha e fana ka menyetla e mengata bakeng sa ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso le katoloso ea ts'ebeliso ea micropowder ea silicon carbide e tala.
4. Libaka tse ka sehloohong tsa ts'ebeliso ea phofo e tala ea silicon carbide
1. Ho sila le ho bentša ka nepo
Jwalo ka phofo e thata haholo ya silicon carbide e tala e sebediswa haholo tshebetsong e nepahetseng ya carbide e samentetsweng, letsopa, khalase le thepa e nngwe. Indastering ya semiconductor, phofo ya silicon carbide e tala e hlwekileng haholo e sebediswa bakeng sa ho bentsha di-wafer tsa silicon, mme tshebetso ya yona ya ho seha e betere ho feta ya di-abrasives tsa setso tsa alumina. Lefapheng la ts'ebetso ya dikarolo tsa optical, phofo ya silicon carbide e tala e ka fihlella ho ba thata ha bokahodimo ba nano-scale mme ya fihlela ditlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ya dikarolo tsa optical tse nepahetseng haholo.
2. Lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa letsopa
Phofo ea silicon carbide e tala ke thepa ea bohlokoa e tala bakeng sa ho lokisa li-ceramic tse sebetsang hantle. Li-ceramic tsa sebopeho tse nang le thepa e ntle ea mechini le botsitso ba mocheso li ka etsoa ka mekhoa ea ho sintering e chesang kapa ea ho sintering ea karabelo. Mofuta ona oa thepa ea letsopa o sebelisoa haholo likarolong tsa bohlokoa tse kang litiiso tsa mechini, li-bearings le li-nozzle, haholo-holo maemong a thata a ts'ebetso joalo ka mocheso o phahameng le mafome.
3. Lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le tsa semiconductor
Lefapheng la dieleketeroniki, phofo ya carbide ya silicon e tala e sebediswa ho lokisa thepa ya semiconductor e nang le lekhalo le leholo. Disebediswa tsa motlakase tse thehilweng ho carbide ya silicon e tala di na le dibopeho tsa tshebetso tse sebetsang ka maqhubu a phahameng, tsa motlakase o phahameng, le tsa mocheso o phahameng, mme di bontsha bokgoni bo boholo dikoloing tse ntjha tsa eneji, digridi tse bohlale le masimo a mang. Diphuputso di bontshitse hore disebediswa tsa motlakase tsa carbide ya silicon e tala di ka fokotsa tahlehelo ya eneji ka ho feta 50% ha di bapiswa le disebediswa tsa setso tse thehilweng ho silicon.
4. Matlafatso ea motsoako
Ho eketsa phofo e tala ea silicon carbide e le karolo ea matlafatso ho matrix ea tšepe kapa ea polymer ho ka ntlafatsa haholo matla, ho thatafala le ho hanyetsa ho tsofala ha thepa e kopantsoeng. Lefapheng la lifofane, metsoako ea silicon carbide e thehiloeng ho aluminium e sebelisoa ho etsa likarolo tsa sebopeho tse bobebe le tse matla haholo; indastering ea likoloi, li-brake pad tse matlafalitsoeng tsa silicon carbide li bontša khanyetso e ntle ea mocheso o phahameng.
5. Lisebelisoa tse halefisang le ho koahela
Ka ho sebelisa botsitso bo phahameng ba silicon carbide e tala, ho ka lokisoa thepa e hanyetsang e sebetsang hantle. Indastering ea ho qhibilihisa tšepe, litene tse hanyetsang silicon carbide li sebelisoa haholo lisebelisoa tsa mocheso o phahameng tse kang lionto tsa ho phatloha le li-converter. Ho phaella moo, liaparo tsa silicon carbide li ka fana ka tšireletso e ntle ea ho tsofala le ho bola bakeng sa thepa ea motheo, 'me li sebelisoa lisebelisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale, mahare a turbine le masimo a mang.